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- $Unique_ID{how00802}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Civilizations Past And Present
- Document: John Maynard Keynes On Clemenceau}
- $Subtitle{}
- $Author{Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett}
- $Affiliation{}
- $Subject{
- }
- $Date{1992}
- $Log{}
- Title: Civilizations Past And Present
- Book: Chapter 30: Tragic War And Futile Peace: World War I
- Author: Wallbank;Taylor;Bailkey;Jewsbury;Lewis;Hackett
- Date: 1992
-
- Document: John Maynard Keynes On Clemenceau
-
- John Maynard Keynes caught the spirit of the peacemakers at Versailles in his
- work, The Economic Consequences of the Peace. His portrait of Clemenceau is
- especially revealing.
-
- He felt about France what Pericles felt of Athens - unique value in her,
- nothing else mattering; but his theory of politics was Bismarck's. He
- had one illusion - France; and one disillusion - mankind, including
- Frenchmen, and his colleagues not least. His principles for the peace
- can be expressed simply. In the first place, he was a foremost believer
- in the view of German psychology that the German understands and can
- understand nothing but intimidation, that he is without generosity or
- remorse in negotiation, that there is no advantage he will not take
- of you, and no extent to which he will not demean himself for profit,
- that he is without honor, pride, or mercy. Therefore you must never
- negotiate with a German or conciliate him; you must dictate to him.
- On no other terms will he respect you, or will you prevent him from
- cheating you. But it is doubtful how far he thought these
- characteristics peculiar to Germany, or whether his candid view of
- some other nations was fundamentally different. His philosophy had,
- therefore, no place for "sentimentality" in international relations.
- Nations are real things, of whom you love one and feel for the rest
- indifference - or hatred. The glory of the nation you love is a
- desirable end, - but generally to be obtained at your neighbor's
- expense. The politics of power are inevitable, and there is nothing
- very new to learn about this war or the end it was fought for; England
- had destroyed, as in each preceding century, a trade rival; a mighty
- chapter had been closed in the secular struggle between the glories
- of Germany and of France. Prudence required some measure of lip
- service to the "ideals" of foolish Americans and hypocritial
- Englishmen; but it would be stupid to believe that there is much
- room in the world, as it really is, for such affairs as the League
- of Nations, or any sense in the principle of self-determination except
- as an ingenious formula for rearranging the balance of power in one's
- own interest.
-
- From John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (New
- York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1920).
-
-